White spruce is a widespread native conifer across Canada. It often forms tall, dense forests that stretch from the southern boreal zone all the way to the Arctic tree line. It is known for its upright, pyramidal shape, sturdy branches, and foliage that ages to a pale whitish green.
Quick Facts
- Height: approximately 40 feet in urban settings
- Spread: approximately 15 feet in urban settings
- Form: pyramidal crown with outward, spreading branches
- Leaves: single, bluish-green, short, often sharp, square in cross-section, pointed evergreen needles
- Bark: smooth, grey-brown when young; scaly, flaky, dark grey when mature
- Cones: small, reddish-yellow male and small, purple female clusters that hang near branch tips; females mature to small, light brown, oval, papery, woody cones with rounded, flexible scales; emerge in late spring, mature in late summer, persist throughout fall and winter
Distinguishing Feature
White spruce is easily recognized by its stiff, four-sided needles that are bluish green to whitish green and give off a strong scent when crushed.
Historical Fact
White spruce was named the provincial tree of Manitoba in 1991, recognizing its significance across the province’s forests.
Why We Love It
White spruce is an excellent choice for backyards because it grows quickly into a tall, dense screen that provides year‑round privacy and wind protection. Its straight, sturdy trunk and evergreen foliage make it low maintenance and visually appealing in any landscape. It also offers habitat for birds and small wildlife, adding life and activity to your yard.
Did You Know?
- White spruce was one of the first conifers to reappear after glaciers retreated about 125,000 years ago.
- It is also known as “skunk spruce” or “cat spruce” due to the pungent scent of its crushed needles.
- It is remarkable for its ability to thrive from southern Canada all the way to the Arctic tree line.
Plant Your Own!
Planting a white spruce in your yard is a wonderful way to enhance the beauty of your property. Plant for Less with LEAF’s subsidized Backyard Tree Planting Program today!
LEAF (Local Enhancement and Appreciation of Forests) is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the protection and improvement of urban forests. We envision vibrant communities where everyone benefits from a healthy urban forest. For over 30 years we have been connecting people with trees through education, planting and stewardship.
